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pointed and held, and will prevent any tendency to rolling, even if the drawing-board is much inclined. To do away, however, with the necessity for constantly sharpening the pencil, and thereby reducing its length at every such operation, pencils with movable leads have been in use in drawing offices for some years. They are far to be preferred, as the part of the pencil which is held by the fingers never alters in length, and the lead can be used to the last quarter of an inch. This kind of pencil is known as "Faber's artist's pencil," is hexagonal in outside form, and thus partly prevented from rolling. The acme of perfection in this class of pencil has, however, only lately been introduced, the part for holding the lead being triangular in 6 FIRST PRINCIPLES OF section, which renders it easy to hold without turning in the fingers, and rolling off the drawing-board is impossible. It is made by Hardt- muth, of Vienna, but can be purchased of any photographic chemist or artists' colourman. 4. Drawing-Pins. In the study of mechanical drawing in its earlier stages, and even in the making of working drawings for shop use, it is not necessary or essential that the paper on which the drawing is made should be secured to the drawing-board in any other way than by pinning it. This is effected by the use of drawing-pins. There are, however, several kinds of drawing-pins to be had, and their variety is often the cause of difficulty in choosing, to the uninitiated user. A pin that would answer well the purpose of the free-hand draughtsman in putting a sheet of paper on his drawing-board, might be the very worst that a mechanical draughtsman could possibly use. The former, not needing a tee-square in the practice of his art, if he