for clay or CaO or Na 2 O for PbO or BaO. duce spar or alter body by re- ducing, or using coarser grain of silica. Right . . Substitute spar Add spar or re- with clay and flint. duce clay. Loss through unequal coefficients may not occur immediately. Glazes have some elasticity, and this may delay any slight tendency to craze or peel till after the ware has been sold to customers. But sooner or later the glaze will tire and the defect appear. Probably no glaze and body can be exactly fitted to each other, which accounts for the invariable crazing or peeling on all old pottery. Reproductions of such ware as Persian are deliberately crazed, but it is doubtful whether the original in coming from the kiln was not as free from defect as our modern pottery. Crazing can be lessened by a second fire ; the glaze takes up silica from the body. Peeling, on the other